![]() Breton is an Insular Celtic language, brought to mainland Europe by immigrants from Britain. “Insular” refers to the modern and historic Celtic languages of the British Isles (Great Britain and Ireland), and the term distinguishes them from Continental Celtic languages, or the Celtic languages of mainland Europe. All of the modern Celtic languages are termed Insular Celtic languages. The Brythonic subgroup also includes Cornish ( Kernewek/ Kernowek), from Cornwall, although it is also a language revived by second-language learners, because the last native speakers died c. The Brythonic languages include Welsh ( Cymraeg) and Breton ( Brezhoneg), spoken in Wales and Brittany, respectively. While closely related, the modern Goidelic languages are separate languages and are only superficially mutually intelligible. Manx-language immersion school education is now available, however. However, Manx is a language revived by second-language learners, because the last native speakers died in the 1970s. Manx ( Gaelg), from the Isle of Man, also belongs to this group. The modern Goidelic languages include Irish ( Gaeilge) and Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig), the former spoken in Ireland and the latter in Scotland. P-Celtic refers to the Brythonic/Brittonic languages, and Q-Celtic refers to the Goidelic/Gaelic languages. The two subfamilies can also be referred to as P-Celtic and Q-Celtic. The modern Celtic languages are divided into two subfamilies: the Goidelic (or Gaelic) languages and the Brythonic (or Brittonic) languages. Celtic languages constitute one distinct branch of the Indo-European languages.
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